Embedded processors have come a long way and right now, I'm getting up close and personal with some pretty nifty STM32 processor boards - this one in particular that I sourced from Banggood: https://sea.banggood.com/STM32F407VET6-Development-Board-Cortex-M4-STM32-Small-System-ARM-Learning-Core-Module-p-1460490.html
Compared with an 8051, these ARM devices are a beast; and the development boards are so cheap! It's time to cast off the constraints of decades past and update my comms routines... enter JSON.
JSON is sooo simple even I can wrap my head around it; it's text based which means testing it with my embedded app is simply a case of sending text files through a PuTTY terminal. Furthermore, because JSON is used so widely across the winternet, I'm pretty confident I'll be able to keep using it even if I upgrade my comms to Etherweb.
I dug around and quickly settled on a relatively compact JSON interpreter (called JSMN) from Serge Zaitsev (kudos @zsergo): https://zserge.com/jsmn/. It comes packaged as a single C header file which feels a little hacky but its nonetheless effective and I was able to get a basic command interpreter up and running on my target board pretty quickly.
At that point, I started thinking more about what sort of commands I might want to exchange and it became pretty clear that I was going to need some sort of generic command interpreter that was easy to abstract and extend. That's going to be a work in progress but the relevance to today's discussion is how it drove me back to establishing a parallel development platform that would allow me to develop and test code on my PC rather than needing to run everything from my target (ARM) platform, and how I bumped into a nasty little PITA on how Windows processes text files.
I'm not going to post my original code because some dufuss will blindly cut and past it into their application and wonder why it doesn't work.. instead I'll post the working code:
============================================================================
Name : main.c
Author : Marty Hauff
Version :
Copyright : Use at own risk
Description : Test scaffold for reading a file and processing...
============================================================================
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h> //PATH_MAX
#include <unistd.h> //getcwd()
#include <sys/stat.h> //struct stat
#include <string.h> //strlen()
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h> //PATH_MAX
#include <unistd.h> //getcwd()
#include <sys/stat.h> //struct stat
#include <string.h> //strlen()
#define MAX_TOKENS 256
int main(void) {
FILE* fp;
char* Filename;
struct stat st;
char cwd[PATH_MAX];
char* json_string = {0};
printf ("\nJSON Test\n");
getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd));
if (cwd != NULL) {
printf ("Current working dir: %s", cwd);
} else {
perror("getcwd() error");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
Filename = "JSON Examples/JSON_2.json";
fp = fopen(Filename, "rb"); //MUST use binary mode otherwise \r\n sequences get messed up!!
if (fp == NULL)
{
printf ("\nFailed to open %s", Filename);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
printf ("\n\"%s\" opened successfully", Filename);
stat(Filename, &st);
printf ("\nStat Size: %ld", st.st_size);
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
printf ("\nfseek Size: %ld", ftell(fp));
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
json_string = malloc(st.st_size+1);
fread(json_string, st.st_size, 1, fp);
fclose(fp);
json_string[st.st_size] = '\0';
printf ("\nstrlen Size: %d", strlen(json_string));
printf ("\n%s",json_string);
jsmn_parser p;
jsmntok_t tkns[MAX_TOKENS];
int nodes = 0;
jsmn_init(&p);
nodes = jsmn_parse(&p, json_string, strlen(json_string), tkns, MAX_TOKENS);
printf ("\nFound %d nodes", nodes);
free(json_string);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
JSON Test
Current working dir: C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\WinTest
"JSON Examples/JSON_2.json" opened successfully
Stat Size: 253
fseek Size: 253
strlen Size: 253
{"menu": {
"id": "file",
"value": "File",
"popup": {
"menuitem": [
{"value": "New", "onclick": "CreateNewDoc()"},
{"value": "Open", "onclick": "OpenDoc()"},
{"value": "Close", "onclick": "CloseDoc()"}
]
}
}}
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Found -2 nodes
I couldn't work out what was causing the garbage at the end of the stream (second last line) and why jsmn was subsequently failing to parse the file. The clue is that there are the same number of garbage characters as there are lines in the JSON string. Take a look at a hex dump of the JSON file:
Without the 'b' in the fopen() call, the file is opened as a text file and Windows strips out all the CR (0x0D '\r') characters when its reading the contents into a buffer. As a result, the string stored in memory is actually shorter than the number of characters read from disk.
Now look at the output when the 'b' is included in the fopen() call (i.e. as per the code listing above):
JSON Test
Current working dir: C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\WinTest
"JSON Examples/JSON_2.json" opened successfully
Stat Size: 253
fseek Size: 253
strlen Size: 253
{"menu": {
"id": "file",
"value": "File",
"popup": {
"menuitem": [
{"value": "New", "onclick": "CreateNewDoc()"},
{"value": "Open", "onclick": "OpenDoc()"},
{"value": "Close", "onclick": "CloseDoc()"}
]
}
}}
Found 26 nodes
The CR character remains in the text stream so the console output (on Eclipse) double spaces each line, but take note that we no longer get the garbage at the end of the stream; AND jsmn has managed to parse the file correctly.
Take note of the moral of the story - consider reading a file in binary mode even if you know the contents are text.
Now to work out how to build a generic JSON command interpreter.
Up until t=3, the input signal is in a low state. At t=3, some EMI induces some spurious noise on the wire that we want to reject. At t=5, the switch is in a bouncy state as a result of being activated. And at t=6 and beyond, the switch is in a stable high state.
